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概覽
Are you upgrading traits to your NFT collection? Changing royalties/creators to reflect changes in your team? Enhancing the art of your PFP collection? Regardless of the reason, updating metadata for NFTs you created is a handy tool any NFT developer should have in their toolbelt.
您將負責的工作內容
In this guide, you will update the metadata of an NFT on Solana's devnet from your terminal using the Solana Web3 library and Metaplex JS SDKs. We will cover three steps to update your NFT's metadata:
- Fetch the existing NFT
- Upload new metadata
- Update the NFT
您需要準備的物品
- 已安裝Node.js（版本 16.15 或更高）
- Typescript experience and the latest version of ts-node installed (you can update to the latest by entering npm update -g typescript ts-node in terminal)
Ensure that you have minted an NFT on Solana's devnet and have access to the authority wallet. You can create one by following this Guide: How to Mint an NFT on Solana using Typescript (Source Code).
🚨 Make sure to select mutable: true in your NFT's Config. Only mutable NFT metadata can be updated.
設定您的專案
請在終端機中使用以下指令建立一個新的專案目錄：
mkdir update-metadata
cd update-metadata
為您的應用程式建立一個名為app.ts 的檔案：
echo > app.ts
請使用「yes」參數初始化您的專案，以便為新套件採用預設值：
yarn init --yes
#或
npm init --yes
建立一個已啟用 .json 匯入功能的tsconfig.json檔案：
tsc -init --resolveJsonModule true
安裝 Solana Web3 依賴項
We will need to add the Solana Web3 and SPL Token libraries for this exercise. Additionally, we will use Metaplex's JS SDK. In your terminal, type:
yarn add @solana/web3.js@1 @metaplex-foundation/js
#or
npm install @solana/web3.js@1 @metaplex-foundation/js
Add Your Wallet and Airdrop SOL
To follow this guide, you will need the same Solana File System Wallet (keypair written to a guideSecret.json file) that is the authority of your NFT. If you do not already have an NFT or an NFT's authority wallet, create one by following our Guide: How to Mint an NFT on Solana using Typescript (Source Code).
Make sure you save your wallet to your project directory as guideSecret.json (you can just copy this directly from your mint-nft project directory from the Mint NFT Guide). If you need devnet SOL, request some by entering your wallet address below:
注意：若過於頻繁地發送空投請求，可能會觸發 429（請求過多）錯誤。
After set up, your environment should look something like this:
設定您的應用程式
匯入必要的依賴項
開啟app.ts 檔案，並將以下導入語句貼到第 1 行：
import { Connection, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity, bundlrStorage, Nft, Sft } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import secret from './guideSecret.json';
In addition to the wallet we created in the previous step, we are also importing a few essential methods and classes from the Solana Web3 and Metaplex JS libraries.
設定您的 Quicknode 端點
若要在 Solana 上進行開發，您需要一個 API 端點來連線至該網路。您可以使用公開節點，或自行部署並管理基礎架構；不過，若您希望將回應時間縮短 8 倍，不妨將繁重的工作交給我們處理。
了解為何超過 50% 的 Solana 專案都選擇 Quicknode，並在此註冊帳號。我們將使用一個 Solana Devnet 節點。
複製 HTTP 提供者連結：
在app.ts檔案中，於 import 語句下方，宣告您的 RPC 並建立與 Solana 的連線：
const QUICKNODE_RPC = 'https://example.solana-devnet.quiknode.pro/0123456/';
const SOLANA_CONNECTION = new Connection(QUICKNODE_RPC);
宣告變數
You will need to declare a few variables to run your script:
- Your source wallet (a keypair derived from your secret key).
- The mint address of the NFT that you would like to update.
- A Metaplex instance.
- Your new metadata.
Add the following declarations below SOLANA_CONNECTION to establish the wallet we will be using and the NFT we will be updating:
const WALLET = Keypair.fromSecretKey(new Uint8Array(secret));
const MINT_ADDRESS = '6cuiqk2VubzAgtUvFjBvosjCJUWG81EvW1F28qtX4EDn';
Make sure the NFT you're including has the authority set to your WALLET and that the NFT is mutable.
Establish a new Metaplex instance by calling our SOLANA_CONNECTION in Metaplex.make(). Our instance will use the Keypair we just created and bundlrStorage (an option for uploading files to Arweave using Solana):
const METAPLEX = Metaplex.make(SOLANA_CONNECTION)
.use(keypairIdentity(WALLET))
.use(bundlrStorage({
address: 'https://devnet.bundlr.network',
providerUrl: QUICKNODE_RPC,
timeout: 60000,
}));
By including our network connection, wallet, and storage route, the API will make it easy for us to submit transactions to the Solana network.
Define NFT Metadata
We will create a NEW_METADATA object containing the new metadata. Create a new const, NEW_METADATA, and include the following attributes:
const NEW_METADATA = {
imgType: 'image/png',
imgName: 'QuickPix New MetaName',
description: 'New description!',
attributes: [
{trait_type: 'Speed', value: 'Quicker'},
{trait_type: 'Type', value: 'Pixelated'},
{trait_type: 'Background', value: 'Quicknode Blue 2'}
]
};
Feel free to replace the name, description, and attributes with your own values.
NOTE: You must include all of the traits here (even if some are unchanged) as these will all be uploaded to replace the existing metadata (e.g., note that we include image type here -- even though it will not be changed, we have to include it again in our upload).
Create and Call the Main Function
Create an async function, main, that we will use to execute all of the steps of our code and invoke it on the following line:
async function main() {
console.log(`Updating Metadata of NFT: ${MINT_ADDRESS}}`);
}
main();
This won't do much, but you should be able to run your code to make sure there are no errors at this point:
ts-node 應用程式
You should see a log in your console that you're about to update the metadata of our NFT--so let's do it already! If you're getting an error or have questions, shoot us a line on Discord, and we will be happy to help.
Fetch NFT
Before we can edit our NFT, we must first fetch it. Metaplex's JS SDK makes this easy for us with nfts().findByMint(). Inside of your main() function, add:
//Step 1 - Fetch existing NFT
console.log(`Step 1 - Fetching existing NFT`);
const nft = await METAPLEX.nfts().findByMint({ mintAddress: new PublicKey(MINT_ADDRESS) });
if (!nft || !nft.json?.image) {throw new Error("Unable to find existing nft or image uri!")}
console.log(` NFT Found!`)
The findByMint() method should return an Nft type object. If the query does not return a value or an associated image, we will throw an Error and abort the script. Otherwise, we will log that the NFT has been found.
上傳元資料
Next, we need to upload our new metadata to Arweave to get a URI with which we can associate our NFT. We are going to use the same uploadMetadata() function that we created in our Guide: How to Mint an NFT on Solana using Typescript. Create a new function, uploadMetadata that accepts 5 parameters: imgUri, imgType, nftName, description, and attributes:
async function uploadMetadata(imgUri: string, imgType: string, nftName: string, description: string, attributes: {trait_type: string, value: string}[]) {
console.log(`Step 2 - Uploading MetaData`);
}
Next, call nfts().uploadMetadata(). We will need to pass our parameters as follows:
const { uri } = await METAPLEX
.nfts()
.uploadMetadata({
name: nftName,
description: description,
image: imgUri,
attributes: attributes,
properties: {
files: [
{
type: imgType,
uri: imgUri,
},
]
}
});
console.log(' Metadata URI:',uri);
return uri;
Let's go ahead and call our function in main(). After uploadImage, call uploadMetadata using our NEW_METADATA to populate the parameters:
//Step 2 - Upload Metadata
const newUri = await uploadMetadata(nft.json.image,NEW_METADATA.imgType,NEW_METADATA.imgName, NEW_METADATA.description, NEW_METADATA.attributes);
If you want to test your function, you can log newUri and then run ts-node app. Whenever you're ready, let's update this NFT's metadata!
Update NFT Metadata
Like our previous functions, the Metaplex API simplifies this process and allows us to mint our NFT with a single method, nfts().update(). To run this method, we must pass the nft object we fetched in our first step, along with our newUri.
After your uploadMetadata() function and before main(), create a new async function, updateNft():
async function updateNft(nft:Nft|Sft, metadataUri: string, newName: string) {
console.log(`Step 3 - Updating NFT`);
}
Finally, inside of our function, call nfts().update() passing our metadataUri and other function parameters and log the results:
await METAPLEX
.nfts()
.update({
name: newName,
nftOrSft: nft,
uri: metadataUri
}, { commitment: 'finalized' });
console.log(` Success!🎉`);
console.log(` Updated NFT: https://explorer.solana.com/address/${nft.address}?cluster=devnet`);
This function update the token's on-chain metadata using the Metaplex Metadata Program. Note that unlike the create() method, the update() method does not return any values.
If you need to use the new NFT object, you'll need to run const updatedNft = await metaplex.nfts().refresh(nft); (we will not need this for our purposes, so we will not be using it right now).
Now all you need to do is call this function inside of main(), passing parameters from CONFIG:
//Step 3 - Update NFT
updateNft(nft, newUri, NEW_METADATA.imgName);
🚀 Run your code!
You're all set! If you would like to double-check your code against ours, our entire workbook is available on GitHub here.
When you're ready, in terminal type:
ts-node 應用程式
沒錯！你看到類似這樣的東西嗎？
Go ahead and follow the link in your console to Solana Explorer. If you scroll down, you should be able to see the on-chain metadata with the new name and a link to our uploaded metadata:
做得真好。
後續步驟與總結
You now have a handy and reusable script to update NFT metdata right from your terminal! We would love to hear how you plan to use this and what NFT projects you are working on. Hop on Discord or Twitter and share your projects!
我們 ❤️ 您的回饋！
如果您對這份指南有任何意見或疑問，請告訴我們。我們非常樂意聽取您的意見！