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How to Build a One-Click Sign in Using MetaMask with PHP's Laravel

December 29, 2021

Overview

Social logins: we have all seen them, we have all used them. "Login with Facebook". "Login with Github".

If you have been around the Web3 community you may have come across a more recent player in the game: "Login with MetaMask". For instance, this is how you may sign up for OpenSea the biggest NFT marketplace for Ethereum and Polygon.

MetaMask is a crypto wallet for the Ethereum blockchain that also allows you to interact with dApps (decentralized apps). Specifically it allows dApps to verify that you are the owner of a certain Ethereum address which in turn will serve as your online identity.

This tutorial will show you how to implement a one-click MetaMask login using web3.js and a PHP backend. While we will be using Laravel and Vue in this tutorial, the principles of:

Signing a message in Javascript using web3.js, and
Verifying the signature in a PHP backend

…is absolutely transferable to any JS and PHP framework of your choice.

Prerequisites:
In order to follow along the steps in this tutorial you will need:

MetaMask installed as a browser extension with at least 1 account (no ETH needed!). If you do not already have MetaMask installed you may take a look at their website. — If you want to configure your QuickNode RPC to MetaMask, we have you covered there too.
A local development environment that allows you to run a fresh Laravel installation. Take a look at the excellent Laravel documentation to get started. In this tutorial I will be using the Installation Via Composer installation method, but feel free to use Laravel Sail (Docker) should you prefer. When using Laravel Sail you will need prefix all commands with ./vendor/bin/sail (ie ./vendor/bin/sail composer install instead of composer install); please refer to the official Laravel Sail documentation for more information on how to execute commands.
General knowledge and familiarity of running terminal commands (NPM/Composer installs)

We have the source code here as well for you to look at.

Setting Up the Project

Alright, let us get going!

First off, we will create a new Laravel project. As previously mentioned I will be using the composer create-project method. This works great if you already have PHP and Composer installed on your local machine. Checkout the official Laravel documentation for more available installation options.

Run the following command in your terminal to generate the project:

setting up the project

composer create-project laravel/laravel metamask-demo-app

composer create-project laravel/laravel metamask-demo-app

Install Jetstream

To get a head start on the frontend, we will pull in the official Laravel package "Jetstream" which gives us a nice pre-baked dashboard that includes a login form!

Inside your newly created folder metamask-demo-app you may run:

setting up the project

composer require laravel/jetstream

composer require laravel/jetstream

Once installed, we will tell Jetstream to scaffold our application with the Inertia (Vue3) preset. This will include a stack of Vue 3 and Tailwind CSS.

setting up the project

php artisan jetstream:install inertia

php artisan jetstream:install inertia

Finally, let us install the newly added NPM dependencies and compile the assets:

setting up the project

npm install && npm run dev

npm install && npm run dev

Up and running

In order to get the new Laravel app up and running, we will need to add a database connection. Normally this would be a MySQL or PostgreSQL database, but for our demo purpose we can use a SQLite database by creating an empty file called database.sqlite in our database directory.

To do so, run the following command from the root of your project:

setting up the project

touch database/database.sqlite

touch database/database.sqlite

We will also need to update our .env file to use the sqlite connection and comment out or remove the unused variables (important):

setting up the project

DB_CONNECTION=sqlite
#DB_HOST=
#DB_PORT=
#DB_DATABASE=
#DB_USERNAME=
#DB_PASSWORD=

DB_CONNECTION=sqlite
#DB_HOST=
#DB_PORT=
#DB_DATABASE=
#DB_USERNAME=
#DB_PASSWORD=

Finally, we can migrate our database migrations and serve our Laravel application to the browser!

setting up the project

php artisan migrate
php artisan serve

php artisan migrate
php artisan serve

The last command should output something like:

Starting Laravel development server: http://127.0.0.1:8000

Opening that URL in your browser, you should be met with a default Laravel welcome screen.

Navigate to http://127.0.0.1:8000/login and you should see a Jetstream login form.

Congratulations 🎉 — we are now ready to start coding!

Preparing the Frontend

First things first — let us tweak the frontend a bit by adding our "Login with MetaMask button".

Open the file resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue and add the following HTML after the logo template part (around line 5).

between the root <template> tags, after the <template #logo>...</template> part

preparing the frontend

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue

<div class="text-center pt-4 pb-8 border-b border-gray-200">
    <jet-button @click="loginWeb3">
        Login with MetaMask
    </jet-button>
</div>
<div class="py-6 text-sm text-gray-500 text-center">
    or login with your credentials…
</div>

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue

<div class="text-center pt-4 pb-8 border-b border-gray-200">
    <jet-button @click="loginWeb3">
        Login with MetaMask
    </jet-button>
</div>
<div class="py-6 text-sm text-gray-500 text-center">
    or login with your credentials…
</div>

As you may have noticed the button already has a click handler specified, for now add a new empty method called loginWeb3 after the existing submit method:

at the bottom between the <script> tags, add async loginWeb3 method

preparing the frontend

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue
methods: {
    submit() {
        // ...
    },
    async loginWeb3() {
        // Our Meta Mask integration goes here
    }
}

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue
methods: {
    submit() {
        // ...
    },
    async loginWeb3() {
        // Our Meta Mask integration goes here
    }
}

If you compile it by running npm run dev in your terminal the result should look something like this:

Creating a Signature Request

Right now the button does not do anything. Let us fix that!

We will start by installing the NPM package web3 which we will need:

creating a signature request

npm install web3

npm install web3

Now we are ready to fill in a bit of logic.

First, add these imports at the top of the <script> section:

At the top of the <script> section

creating a signature request

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue
import Web3 from 'web3/dist/web3.min.js'
import { useForm } from '@inertiajs/inertia-vue3'

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue
import Web3 from 'web3/dist/web3.min.js'
import { useForm } from '@inertiajs/inertia-vue3'

Next update the empty loginWeb3 function so it looks like the following:

Replace the previously added async loginWeb3 method

creating a signature request

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue
async loginWeb3() {
    if (! window.ethereum) {
        alert('MetaMask not detected. Please try again from a MetaMask enabled browser.')
    }

    const web3 = new Web3(window.ethereum);

    const message = [
        "I have read and accept the terms and conditions (https://example.org/tos) of this app.",
        "Please sign me in!"
    ].join("\n")

    const address = (await web3.eth.requestAccounts())[0]
    const signature = await web3.eth.personal.sign(message, address)

    return useForm({ message, address, signature }).post('/login-web3')
}

// resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue
async loginWeb3() {
    if (! window.ethereum) {
        alert('MetaMask not detected. Please try again from a MetaMask enabled browser.')
    }

    const web3 = new Web3(window.ethereum);

    const message = [
        "I have read and accept the terms and conditions (https://example.org/tos) of this app.",
        "Please sign me in!"
    ].join("\n")

    const address = (await web3.eth.requestAccounts())[0]
    const signature = await web3.eth.personal.sign(message, address)

    return useForm({ message, address, signature }).post('/login-web3')
}

Here is what we're doing in the above code:

Ensure MetaMask is present in the current browser by checking the window.ethereum property is present. Otherwise alert the user. (lines 3-5)
Prepare the message we want the user to sign. We might as well make this a bit useful, such as have the user accepting the Terms & Conditions for using the app. However it is absolutely up to you what you'd like to have the user sign. (lines 9-12)
Request the user's accounts. This is the first popup our users will see, and they have to select which address to sign in with. (line 14)
Make the user sign our message - in this case accept our T&C. (line 15)
Finally, send the message, address & signature to the backend. (line 17)

With a little bit of luck, after compilation you should be able to see the following flow in you browser:

Quick aside:

When it comes to the signature message, we have found that there is a little quirk to beware of. At the time of writing, if you enter any message of exactly 32 characters, the message will be presented in HEX in MetaMask. As such the message "Hello world but a lil bit longer" becomes:

In reality it is not a huge problem, but in my case it ended up costing me a bit of extra hours and hair-pulling figuring why my message was not showing in plain text. Now you know!

Verifying the Signature

We have our signature ready, and we are sending it to the backend. Now we need to:

Verify the signature is authentic
Check if the address matches an existing user in our database or otherwise create a new user
Log the user in and redirect to the app dashboard

Let us get started.

Install dependencies

Before we get to the actual coding part, we will need to install a few dependencies.

verifying the signature

composer require kornrunner/keccak --ignore-platform-reqs
composer require simplito/elliptic-php --ignore-platform-reqs

composer require kornrunner/keccak --ignore-platform-reqs
composer require simplito/elliptic-php --ignore-platform-reqs

We are adding the --ignore-platform-reqs flag as composer would otherwise throw an error stating that the required ext-gmp extension is missing.

For this demo to work, the GMP extension is not required, and we can safely ignore it.

However, should you for any reason wish to install GMP anyway, you may find this gist helpful.

Prepare the users table

Open the database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php file and replace the up method with the following code:

verifying the signature

# database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('eth_address')->nullable();
        $table->string('name')->nullable();
        $table->string('email')->unique()->nullable();
        $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
        $table->string('password')->nullable();
        $table->rememberToken();
        $table->foreignId('current_team_id')->nullable();
        $table->string('profile_photo_path', 2048)->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

# database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('eth_address')->nullable();
        $table->string('name')->nullable();
        $table->string('email')->unique()->nullable();
        $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
        $table->string('password')->nullable();
        $table->rememberToken();
        $table->foreignId('current_team_id')->nullable();
        $table->string('profile_photo_path', 2048)->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

The changes we have made here are:

Added a eth_address field which will hold the user's ethereum address
Made name , email , email_verified_at and password nullable

Remember to refresh the database afterwards using:

verifying the signature

php artisan migrate:fre

php artisan migrate:fre

The login logic

Open the routes/web.php file and add the following line:

Add in the bottom of the file - after the Route::middleware(['auth:sanctum', 'verified'])->get(...) part

verifying the signature

# routes/web.
Route::post('login-web3', \App\Actions\LoginUsingWeb3::class);

# routes/web.
Route::post('login-web3', \App\Actions\LoginUsingWeb3::class);

Note: We are using the routes/web.php file and not api.php because we will need access to the sesssion / cookie state in order to log in the user once authenticated.

Next let us go on and create the app/Actions/LoginUsingWeb3.php file which will hold the actual login logic. Copy / paste the following code into it:

verifying the signature

# app/Actions/LoginUsingWeb3.
<?

namespace App\Actions;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Elliptic\EC;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
use kornrunner\Keccak;

class LoginUsingWeb3
{
    public function __invoke(Request $request)
    {
        if (! $this->authenticate($request)) {
            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
                'signature' => 'Invalid signature.'
            ]);
        }

        Auth::login(User::firstOrCreate([
            'eth_address' => $request->address
        ]));

        return Redirect::route('dashboard');
    }

    protected function authenticate(Request $request): bool
    {
        return $this->verifySignature(
            $request->message,
            $request->signature,
            $request->address,
        );
    }

    protected function verifySignature($message, $signature, $address): bool
    {
        $messageLength = strlen($message);
        $hash = Keccak::hash("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n{$messageLength}{$message}", 256);
        $sign = [
            "r" => substr($signature, 2, 64),
            "s" => substr($signature, 66, 64)
        ];

        $recId  = ord(hex2bin(substr($signature, 130, 2))) - 27;

        if ($recId != ($recId & 1)) {
            return false;
        }

        $publicKey = (new EC('secp256k1'))->recoverPubKey($hash, $sign, $recId);

        return $this->pubKeyToAddress($publicKey) === Str::lower($address);
    }

    protected function pubKeyToAddress($publicKey): string
    {
        return "0x" . substr(Keccak::hash(substr(hex2bin($publicKey->encode("hex")), 1), 256), 24);
    }
}

# app/Actions/LoginUsingWeb3.
<?

namespace App\Actions;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Elliptic\EC;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
use kornrunner\Keccak;

class LoginUsingWeb3
{
    public function __invoke(Request $request)
    {
        if (! $this->authenticate($request)) {
            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
                'signature' => 'Invalid signature.'
            ]);
        }

        Auth::login(User::firstOrCreate([
            'eth_address' => $request->address
        ]));

        return Redirect::route('dashboard');
    }

    protected function authenticate(Request $request): bool
    {
        return $this->verifySignature(
            $request->message,
            $request->signature,
            $request->address,
        );
    }

    protected function verifySignature($message, $signature, $address): bool
    {
        $messageLength = strlen($message);
        $hash = Keccak::hash("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n{$messageLength}{$message}", 256);
        $sign = [
            "r" => substr($signature, 2, 64),
            "s" => substr($signature, 66, 64)
        ];

        $recId  = ord(hex2bin(substr($signature, 130, 2))) - 27;

        if ($recId != ($recId & 1)) {
            return false;
        }

        $publicKey = (new EC('secp256k1'))->recoverPubKey($hash, $sign, $recId);

        return $this->pubKeyToAddress($publicKey) === Str::lower($address);
    }

    protected function pubKeyToAddress($publicKey): string
    {
        return "0x" . substr(Keccak::hash(substr(hex2bin($publicKey->encode("hex")), 1), 256), 24);
    }
}

There is a few things going on here, so let us break it down step-by-step.

The _invoke method

This is the entry-point for the route that we registered, and will receive the POST request sent from our frontend.

The actual logic is quite straight forward as we:

Validate the signature sent from the frontend
Find or create new user based on the user's address. When creating a new user, we will make sure to store the address in our dedicatedeth_address field.
Log the user in, and redirect to the Jetstream dashboard

The verifySignature method

This is a standardized way of cryptographically validating that an Ethereum signature matches the corresponding message and address that signed it.

It is functionally equivalent to web3.eth.personal.ecRecover which returns the signing address of a message + signature.

We will not fully go into the nitty gritty details of this code, (I am not a mathematician, and you do not need to be one either) but the high level explanation is that we are:

Reconstructing a hash of the message
Extracting the public key from the signature and hashed message
Extracting the address from the public key
Checking that the address sent from the frontend actually matches the address that signed the message

And voilá! We now have a functioning login!

If you go back to your browser and go through the login flow, you should now be redirected to the dashboard.

Bonus tip: disable Jetstream registration

If you actually intend to use Jetstream for your app and want to make sure your users always register with MetaMask the first time they login, you may wish to disable the default /register route that Jetstream ships with.

You can open config/fortify.php and comment out the "registration feature" line:

verifying the signature

# config/fortify.
'features' => [
    // Features::registration(),
    Features::resetPasswords(),
    [...]
],

# config/fortify.
'features' => [
    // Features::registration(),
    Features::resetPasswords(),
    [...]
],

Your users will now only be able to register using the MetaMask login.

Conclusion

That is it folks!

In this tutorial we have built a simple login flow using Vue, Web3, MetaMask and Laravel.

I hope it has conveyed the basic workflow of how to integrate with a wallet, and how to use signatures to securely authenticate a user's identity server-side as well.

Given the decentralized nature of Web3, you will probably want to support more wallets that just MetaMask. For instance adding WalletConnect would allow using mobile-wallets to sign in by scanning a QR code.

For further exploration into supporting more wallets, you may wish check out these resources:

https://github.com/Web3Modal/web3modal (multi-wallet support for React)
https://github.com/SmallRuralDog/web3modal-vue (multi-wallet support for Vue)

Subscribe to our newsletter for more articles and guides on Ethereum. If you have any feedback, feel free to reach out to us via Twitter. You can always chat with us on our Discord community server, featuring some of the coolest developers you will ever meet :)

Overview
Setting Up the Project
Preparing the Frontend
Creating a Signature Request
Verifying the Signature
Conclusion

Rasmus Christoffer Nielsen

Hey there, I'm Rasmus! 👋 I'm a web developer and entrepreneur based in Denmark and hugely passionated about Laravel and all things Web3. Want to stay tuned? Follow me @rasmuscnielsen

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Stablecoins have been bridging the gap between traditional currencies and blockchains. Stablecoins offer stable price tokens pegged by a reserve asset which is often a fiat current like USD, EUR, GBP. The Terra protocol provides a framework to work with stablecoins. This...

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How to connect to Ethereum network using Go

Apr 12, 2022

Go helps you make faster scalable backends and this guide will show you how to connect your backend to Ethereum (and make it even faster, more reliable, and globally accessible, all thanks to QuickNode’s global infrastructure). What is...

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How to re-send a transaction with higher gas price using ethers.js

Apr 29, 2022

Sometimes, you submit a transaction on Ethereum without enough gas due to network congestion or too many pending transactions offering a higher gas price than you have offered on your transaction. If you have a high priority transaction but low gas, you could end up...

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How To Fork Ethereum Mainnet with Hardhat

Apr 12, 2022

Forking the chain at an older block of the blockchain is helpful if you want to simulate the blockchain’s state at that block; Hardhat has this functionality built in. In this guide, let’s go through the process of forking the Ethereum Mainnet at an older...

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How to connect to Ethereum using PHP

Apr 12, 2022

PHP is a very popular choice among developers and has a vast community due to its long presence in web development. In this guide, we’ll cover how to connect to Ethereum with PHP using the web3.php...

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How to connect to the Ethereum network using Python using Web3.py

Apr 12, 2022

You can build Ethereum applications in different programming languages. In this article, we will connect to the Ethereum network using Python.PrerequisiteEthereum Node (We will use QuickNode’s free...

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How to use Subspace with QuickNode

Apr 12, 2022

In this guide, we'll understand a bit about reactive development and how to use Subspace with QuickNode.JavaScript is the programming language behind most of the internet apps and websites. JavaScript today has become one of the most used programming languages,...

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How to Fork Ethereum Blockchain with Ganache.

Apr 12, 2022

Forking and running a local simulated Ethereum environment is essential if you want to work with DeFi or do Ethereum development in general. In this guide, we’ll cover how to fork Ethereum Blockchain with

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How to connect to Ethereum network with Web3.js

Apr 12, 2022

Libraries and frameworks make the development process a lot easier and faster. When it comes to Ethereum development, Web3.js is the go to library. That's because Web3.js is the official library, from the

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How to Build a Wallet Generator for Solana in React

Dec 27, 2021

In this practical guide you will build a basic Wallet application with React and Web3 that will interact with Solana Network.This application will do the following operations:Connect to the...

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How to Fetch Transaction History on Ethereum using Web3.py

Jun 6, 2022

If you are building on Ethereum, you may run into scenarios where you need to fetch transaction history for a given address. Unfortunately, the current design for Ethereum lacks an easy way to retrieve this data. For this reason, we are dedicating this guide to explaining...

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Integrate Your Svelte App with a Smart Contract

Apr 12, 2022

Today we will be building a sample app in Svelte, and connecting it to a smart contract that we deploy on the Ropsten Network.Our frontend will be able to do the following:Allow the user to send a greeting message along with a wave to the...

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How to Connect Users to Your dApp with the Solana Wallet Adapter and Scaffold

Jun 17, 2022

Been building on Solana and ready to bring your dApp to the web? You're going to need a way to connect your tools to your users' wallets. Though there are a few ways to connect your dApp to your users' wallets, Solana has created a couple of handy tools that make getting...

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How to Connect Your Dapp With MetaMask Using Ethers.js

Dec 29, 2021

In our dApp, we will have a simple react user interface that has a material button asking the user to connect to MetaMask. And if they do not have an account, they can create one or log in to their account. They will then view their wallet balance and address displayed on...

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How to generate a new Ethereum address in Go

Dec 29, 2021

Golang is very popular among backend developers for building infrastructures and microservices. Go is a procedural programming language. Developed in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson at Google, then launched in 2009 as...

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How to generate a new Ethereum address in Python

Dec 29, 2021

Python is one of the most versatile programming languages out there with an abundance of use cases; We can build many applications with Python from client-side to back end. In this guide, we will cover creating an Ethereum address in Python using the

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How to generate a new Ethereum address in JavaScript

Dec 29, 2021

When it comes to programming, there’s hardly anyone who has not used or heard about JavaScript. JavaScript was initially created for client-side scripting but has become a full-featured Object-Oriented...

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Como crear un NFT en Solana usando Candy Machine

Dec 29, 2021

¡Hola querido lector! Hemos recibido un montón de pedidos por otra guía de NFT en Solana. En la guia anterior no llegamos hasta la parte mas jugosa, que es la parte donde enlazamos una...

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How to Fetch Ethereum Event Logs in Ruby

Jun 16, 2022

Ethereum log records are very useful to understand and keep track of smart contract events. In this guide, we are going to learn how to fetch Ethereum event logs in Ruby using eth.rb Ruby...

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How to Mint an NFT on Solana Using Candy Machine

Jan 17, 2022

NOTE: This guide is based off of the V1 of Candy Machine. V1 has been deprecated. You can catch an up-to-date guide on V2 here

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How to Deploy an NFT on Solana Using Candy Machine V2

May 27, 2022

Hello readers, in this guide we are going to walk through how to set up an NFT mint on Solana using Candy Machine v2. Candy Machine v2 has some similarities to v1 but quite a lot of differences. The main catalyst that drove v2 was to curb the botting that the NFT...

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How to send a transaction on Terra using JavaScript and Terra.js

Apr 12, 2022

Terra has emerged as the choice of blockchain for developing a stablecoin based dApp. Terra provides a cutting-edge stablecoin framework for modern dApp development. In this guide, we will learn how to send a transaction on Terra using their javascript library...

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How to Lazy Mint an NFT on Rarible with Rarepress

Apr 12, 2022

NFTs are great for creators to monetize their artwork and for people to get ownership of an item. But since gas prices are usually high given the highly in-demand space on Ethereum, minting an NFT or an NFT collection can become costly for a creator. Lazy minting solves...

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