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How to Get Transaction Logs on Solana

July 11, 2022

Overview

Ever need to pull all the transactions associated with a Wallet? Want to see all of the mint transactions associated with a Candy Machine? Or maybe see transaction history of an NFT? Solana's getSignaturesForAddress method is a versatile tool that makes getting transaction history a breeze.

Here is a video if you prefer to watch:

What You'll Do

In this guide, you'll dive into the exciting world of Solana transactions! You will build a simple script that can query an address (wallet, programid, token mint, etc.) and find all of the transaction history associated with it.

What You'll Need

* Nodejs (version 16.15 or higher)

* Yarn installed

* Experience with basic transactions on Solana. To brush up on your knowledge, read our beginner guide on How to Send a Transaction on Solana

* Knowledge of Javascript

Let's get started!

Set Up Your Environment

Create a new project directory and file, log.js, in your terminal with:

set up your environment

mkdir get_sol_tx
cd get_sol_tx
echo > log.js

mkdir get_sol_tx
cd get_sol_tx
echo > log.js

Install Solana web3 dependencies:

set up your environment

yarn init -y
yarn add @solana/web3.js

yarn init -y
yarn add @solana/web3.js

or

set up your environment

npm init -y
npm install --save @solana/web3.js

npm init -y
npm install --save @solana/web3.js

Open log.js in a code editor of choice and on line 1, require @solana/web3.js and store it in a constant, solanaWeb3:

set up your environment

const solanaWeb3 = require('@solana/web3.js');

const solanaWeb3 = require('@solana/web3.js');

Declare an address that you'd like to search:

set up your environment

const searchAddress = 'YOUR_ADDRESS_HERE'; //example 'vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg'

const searchAddress = 'YOUR_ADDRESS_HERE'; //example 'vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg'

Note: this can be any valid address on Solana (e.g., Wallet Address, Mint Address, Program Address). You can use 'vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg' as an example if you don't already have one.

Alright, we're ready to get cookin'!

Establish a Connection to Your QuickNode RPC

To build on Solana, you'll need an API endpoint to connect with the network. You're welcome to use public nodes or deploy and manage your own infrastructure; however, if you'd like 8x faster response times, you can leave the heavy lifting to us. See why over 50% of projects on Solana choose QuickNode and sign up for a free, 7-day trial here.

We're going to launch our node under the Solana Devnet, but you can launch the node that meets your needs. Copy the HTTP Provider link:

New Node

Navigate back to log.js and create a constant, endpoint and assign it your QuickNode url. On the following line, pass in this constant as a parameter for the Connection function and store that in another constant called solanaConnection:

establish a connection to your quicknode rpc

const endpoint = 'https://example.solana-devnet.quiknode.pro/000000/';
const solanaConnection = new solanaWeb3.Connection(endpoint);

const endpoint = 'https://example.solana-devnet.quiknode.pro/000000/';
const solanaConnection = new solanaWeb3.Connection(endpoint);

Great! You're ready to build your search function.

Create a Transaction Query

The getSignaturesForAddress method will do a lot of the heavy lifting here. Here's how it will work:

It will accept two parameters:

Address to search (required): the public key you would like to query
Options (optional): an object that includes 3 optional entries:
- before: start searching backwards in time before a specific transaction signature
- after: start searching forward in time after a specific transaction signature
- limit: max number of transactions to return (Note that the max and default value is 1,000)

It will return a Promise for an Array of ConfirmedSignatureInfo, a type object that includes key transaction information:

signature (transaction ID),
slot and blockTime (to see when the transaction was processed),
err (if any errors), and
memo (if any memos associated with the transaction)

Define a new async function, getTransactions that takes two parameters: address and numTx.

Inside of our function call the getSignaturesForAddress method on a new instance of solanaConnection and save the output to a variable, transactionList:

create a transaction query

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});
}

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});
}

This should give us an array of all of the transaction history that meets our search criteria. Let's log the results in a way that's easy to read.

Inside getTransactions, create a forEach loop to log information about each transaction:

create a transaction query

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});
    transactionList.forEach((transaction, i) => {
        const date = new Date(transaction.blockTime*1000);
        console.log(`Transaction No: ${i+1}`);
        console.log(`Signature: ${transaction.signature}`);
        console.log(`Time: ${date}`);
        console.log(`Status: ${transaction.confirmationStatus}`);
        console.log(("-").repeat(20));
    })
}

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});
    transactionList.forEach((transaction, i) => {
        const date = new Date(transaction.blockTime*1000);
        console.log(`Transaction No: ${i+1}`);
        console.log(`Signature: ${transaction.signature}`);
        console.log(`Time: ${date}`);
        console.log(`Status: ${transaction.confirmationStatus}`);
        console.log(("-").repeat(20));
    })
}

Run Your Code!

If everything is set up correctly, you should be able to call your function and see some results! Add this to the bottom of log.js:

run your code

getTransactions(searchAddress,3);

getTransactions(searchAddress,3);

And now in your terminal type:

run your code

node log.js

node log.js

You should see something like this:

Transaction Search

Woo! Pretty easy, right? Feel free test try a few different wallets, an NFT mint address, and a Candy Machine ID. You can see that the method should produce similar results, which makes it really handy for lots of different applications.

Congrats! You've successfully achieved getting transactions....You can stop here, but if you want to see what else we can do with that Transaction Signature, keep reading! 👇

Parsing the Transaction

So we've got some useful basic information about our transaction history, but what did each transaction do? We can use Solana's getParsedTransaction method to give us loads of additional detail.

The getParsedTransaction method will take a confirmed or finalized transaction signature and will return a ParsedTransactionWithMeta object:

parsing the transaction

export type ParsedTransactionWithMeta = {
    /** The slot during which the transaction was processed */
    slot: number;
    /** The details of the transaction */
    transaction: ParsedTransaction;
    /** Metadata produced from the transaction */
    meta: ParsedTransactionMeta | null;
    /** The unix timestamp of when the transaction was processed */
    blockTime?: number | null;
  };

export type ParsedTransactionWithMeta = {
    /** The slot during which the transaction was processed */
    slot: number;
    /** The details of the transaction */
    transaction: ParsedTransaction;
    /** Metadata produced from the transaction */
    meta: ParsedTransactionMeta | null;
    /** The unix timestamp of when the transaction was processed */
    blockTime?: number | null;
  };

There's a lot of information hiding in here, which we won't cover in this introductory guide, but we do want to give an example on how you can interact with these objects.

Within your getTransactions function, let's declare two new variables: signatureList and transactionDetails. We'll generate a list of signatures by mapping our transactionList, and we'll generate details on each transaction calling those signatures into getParsedTransactions:

parsing the transaction

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});
    
    //Add this code
    let signatureList = transactionList.map(transaction=>transaction.signature);
    let transactionDetails = await solanaConnection.getParsedTransactions(signatureList);
    //--END of new code 

    transactionList.forEach((transaction, i) => {
        const date = new Date(transaction.blockTime*1000);
        console.log(`Transaction No: ${i+1}`);
        console.log(`Signature: ${transaction.signature}`);
        console.log(`Time: ${date}`);
        console.log(`Status: ${transaction.confirmationStatus}`);
        console.log(("-").repeat(20));
    })
}

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});
    
    //Add this code
    let signatureList = transactionList.map(transaction=>transaction.signature);
    let transactionDetails = await solanaConnection.getParsedTransactions(signatureList);
    //--END of new code 

    transactionList.forEach((transaction, i) => {
        const date = new Date(transaction.blockTime*1000);
        console.log(`Transaction No: ${i+1}`);
        console.log(`Signature: ${transaction.signature}`);
        console.log(`Time: ${date}`);
        console.log(`Status: ${transaction.confirmationStatus}`);
        console.log(("-").repeat(20));
    })
}

When our promises return, transactionDetails will yield an array of ParsedTransactionWithMeta objects. Let's try and find some useful information in there.

Let's say we're interested in finding all of the programs or smart contracts that we interacted with for a given transaction. Inside of our original forEach loop, after our date declaration, let's create a new variable, transactionInstructions:

parsing the transaction

        const transactionInstructions = transactionDetails[i].transaction.message.instructions;

        const transactionInstructions = transactionDetails[i].transaction.message.instructions;

This will use our index, i, to find the detailed transaction information for the same transaction that is being queried in the loop. Since each transaction can have multiple instructions or program iterations, we'll need another loop to get each Program interaction in our transaction. Inside of our loop, after our confirmationStatus log, add this:

parsing the transaction

        transactionInstructions.forEach((instruction, n)=>{
            console.log(`---Instructions ${n+1}: ${instruction.program ? instruction.program + ":" : ''} ${instruction.programId.toString()}`);
        })

        transactionInstructions.forEach((instruction, n)=>{
            console.log(`---Instructions ${n+1}: ${instruction.program ? instruction.program + ":" : ''} ${instruction.programId.toString()}`);
        })

What we're doing here is, for each transaction, looking at each transaction instruction and logging the program name (if one exists) and program id.

The final function should look like this:

parsing the transaction

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});

    let signatureList = transactionList.map(transaction=>transaction.signature);
    let transactionDetails = await solanaConnection.getParsedTransactions(signatureList);

    transactionList.forEach((transaction, i) => {
        const date = new Date(transaction.blockTime*1000);
        const transactionInstructions = transactionDetails[i].transaction.message.instructions;
        console.log(`Transaction No: ${i+1}`);
        console.log(`Signature: ${transaction.signature}`);
        console.log(`Time: ${date}`);
        console.log(`Status: ${transaction.confirmationStatus}`);
        transactionInstructions.forEach((instruction, n)=>{
            console.log(`---Program Instructions ${n+1}: ${instruction.program ? instruction.program + ":" : ''} ${instruction.programId.toString()}`);
        })
        console.log(("-").repeat(20));
    })
}

const getTransactions = async(address, numTx) => {
    const pubKey = new solanaWeb3.PublicKey(address);
    let transactionList = await solanaConnection.getSignaturesForAddress(pubKey, {limit:numTx});

    let signatureList = transactionList.map(transaction=>transaction.signature);
    let transactionDetails = await solanaConnection.getParsedTransactions(signatureList);

    transactionList.forEach((transaction, i) => {
        const date = new Date(transaction.blockTime*1000);
        const transactionInstructions = transactionDetails[i].transaction.message.instructions;
        console.log(`Transaction No: ${i+1}`);
        console.log(`Signature: ${transaction.signature}`);
        console.log(`Time: ${date}`);
        console.log(`Status: ${transaction.confirmationStatus}`);
        transactionInstructions.forEach((instruction, n)=>{
            console.log(`---Program Instructions ${n+1}: ${instruction.program ? instruction.program + ":" : ''} ${instruction.programId.toString()}`);
        })
        console.log(("-").repeat(20));
    })
}

Now, run your script again. In your terminal type:

parsing the transaction

node log.js

node log.js

You should see something like this:

Transaction Search Part 2

Great job! Our transaction results now include details about the different programs we interacted with!

If you'd like, you compare your results to the Solana explorer by searching your address here (make sure you're searching the same network by changing in the top right corner of the page).

Wrap Up

Kudos! You've now got an inside look into the exciting world of Solana transactions!

We'll cover more on these in a future guide; but if you're eager to keep exploring, try experimenting with your transactionDetails array by running some similar queries that instead look at:

transactionDetails[i].meta
transactionDetails[i].transaction.message.accountKeys

To put these concepts into practice, check out some of our other Solana tutorials here.

Subscribe to our newsletter for more articles and guides on Solana. Feel free to reach out to us via Twitter if you have any feedback. You can always chat with us on our Discord community server, featuring some of the coolest developers you'll ever meet :)

Overview
Set Up Your Environment
Establish a Connection to Your QuickNode RPC
Create a Transaction Query
Run Your Code!
Parsing the Transaction
Wrap Up

Aaron Milano

Developer empowering others to build on Solana and Web3. Technical Content @ QuickNode

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Social logins: we have all seen them, we have all used them. "Login with Facebook". "Login with Github".If you have been around the Web3 community you may have come across a more recent player in the game: "Login with MetaMask". For instance, this is...

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How to Deploy an NFT on Solana Using Candy Machine V2

Jul 28, 2022

Candy Machine 2 has been deprecated. Please see our guide to building a Candy Machine with Metaplex Sugar.

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How to generate a new Ethereum address in Go

Dec 29, 2021

Golang is very popular among backend developers for building infrastructures and microservices. Go is a procedural programming language. Developed in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson at Google, then launched in 2009 as...

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How to generate a new Ethereum address in Python

Dec 29, 2021

Python is one of the most versatile programming languages out there with an abundance of use cases; We can build many applications with Python from client-side to back end. In this guide, we will cover creating an Ethereum address in Python using the

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How to generate a new Ethereum address in JavaScript

Dec 29, 2021

When it comes to programming, there’s hardly anyone who has not used or heard about JavaScript. JavaScript was initially created for client-side scripting but has become a full-featured Object-Oriented...

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Como crear un NFT en Solana usando Candy Machine

Dec 29, 2021

¡Hola querido lector! Hemos recibido un montón de pedidos por otra guía de NFT en Solana. En la guia anterior no llegamos hasta la parte mas jugosa, que es la parte donde enlazamos una...

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How to Fetch Ethereum Event Logs in Ruby

Jun 16, 2022

Ethereum log records are very useful to understand and keep track of smart contract events. In this guide, we are going to learn how to fetch Ethereum event logs in Ruby using eth.rb Ruby...

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How to Mint an NFT on Solana Using Candy Machine

Jan 17, 2022

NOTE: This guide is based off of the V1 of Candy Machine. V1 has been deprecated. You can catch an up-to-date guide on V2 here

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How to send a transaction on Terra using JavaScript and Terra.js

Apr 12, 2022

Terra has emerged as the choice of blockchain for developing a stablecoin based dApp. Terra provides a cutting-edge stablecoin framework for modern dApp development. In this guide, we will learn how to send a transaction on Terra using their javascript library...

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How to Lazy Mint an NFT on Rarible with Rarepress

Apr 12, 2022

NFTs are great for creators to monetize their artwork and for people to get ownership of an item. But since gas prices are usually high given the highly in-demand space on Ethereum, minting an NFT or an NFT collection can become costly for a creator. Lazy minting solves...

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