What are Execution Clients?
Execution Clients are software implementations that process and validate blockchain transactions, maintain the state of the blockchain, and execute smart contract code. These clients run full nodes that handle the core functions of a blockchain's execution layer, including transaction ordering, block production, and state management. Tools in this category include node software like Geth, Nethermind, and Besu, which provide APIs for interacting with the blockchain and serve as the backbone for decentralized applications and services.
The primary users of execution clients are blockchain developers, infrastructure teams, and node operators who require reliable and performant access to the blockchain's execution environment. Key characteristics of these clients include consensus compatibility, support for JSON-RPC interfaces, and the ability to sync and maintain the blockchain state securely. Execution clients often work alongside consensus clients in proof-of-stake networks, forming a complete node setup.
Subcategories related to execution clients include consensus clients and light clients, which focus on block validation and lightweight node operation, respectively. Developers should look for execution clients when they need to run their own full nodes, build backend services that interact directly with the blockchain, or require low-level control over transaction execution and state queries.
