Helium
by Helium Inc.
Solana
Quick Fact
In April 2023, Helium transitioned its blockchain operations to the Solana network to enhance scalability, security, and decentralization. This migration allowed Helium to leverage Solana's high-performance capabilities, supporting the increasing number of network participants and transactions. The network utilizes a unique Proof-of-Coverage (PoC) consensus algorithm to verify hotspot locations and coverage, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the network.
Helium is a flagship example of a Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network (DePIN), designed to create a globally distributed wireless network owned and operated by individuals rather than centralized telecom providers. It enables users to deploy physical wireless infrastructure—such as IoT hotspots or 5G nodes—and get rewarded in crypto for contributing real-world coverage.
Founded on Community and Technology
Originally launched in 2013, Helium was created by Amir Haleem, Shawn Fanning, and Sean Carey, with the goal of building a peer-to-peer wireless network. Its parent company, originally Helium Inc., rebranded to Nova Labs in 2022. Today, Nova Labs contributes to the development of the network, while the Helium Foundation oversees community governance and the decentralized future of the project.
How It Works
At the heart of the Helium Network is the Proof-of-Coverage (PoC) consensus mechanism, which verifies that wireless hotspots are honestly providing network coverage in specific physical locations. Participants set up hardware (hotspots) to provide coverage and, in return, earn cryptocurrency for transferring data from devices in range.
Helium supports two major wireless infrastructures:
LoRaWAN IoT Network: Powers low-bandwidth, long-range communication for devices like sensors and trackers.
5G Mobile Network: Enables decentralized mobile broadband coverage via consumer-grade 5G equipment.
Tokens and Blockchain Integration
In 2023, Helium migrated from its own Layer 1 blockchain to the Solana network. This transition allowed Helium to scale with greater speed and security, and to benefit from Solana’s growing DeFi and infrastructure ecosystem.
Helium operates using a multi-token model:
HNT (Helium Network Token) – The main utility and reward token for the network.
IOT – A subnetwork token for the IoT network, earned by LoRaWAN hotspot operators.
MOBILE – A token for 5G contributors who provide mobile broadband coverage.
These tokens all reside on the Solana blockchain, making Helium one of the most advanced examples of a DePIN leveraging Layer 1 scalability and composability.
Why Helium Matters
Helium represents a radical shift in how physical networks are built—away from centralized infrastructure monopolies, and toward community-owned systems. It empowers individuals to own part of the network infrastructure and earn rewards, driving both accessibility and decentralization forward.